Twin management in the mare: A review

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Equine Reproduction

Background:

• Twin gestation in mares is a common complication with potentially severe consequences.
• Early detection and management are critical for successful outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current twin reduction techniques for mares.
• To discuss prognosis and less-reported methods for managing equine twin pregnancies.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on twin reduction techniques.
• Analysis of success rates and prognoses for various procedures.
• Inclusion of 3D illustrations for physiological events and techniques.

Main Results:

• Most twin pregnancies result from dizygotic twinning; monozygotic twinning is increasing due to embryo transfer.
• Various post-fixation twin management strategies exist with differing success rates.
• Optimal treatment for monozygotic twins requires further determination.

Conclusions:

• Thorough pre-breeding examinations and early pregnancy diagnosis are vital for mare reproductive health.
• Effective management of twin gestations, including reduction techniques, is essential for improving outcomes in equine reproduction.