Milk-derived exosome nanovesicles: recent progress and daunting hurdles

Area of Science:

• Dairy Science
• Animal Biotechnology
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Raw milk quality and safety depend on effective milk source management.
• Milk-derived exosomes (MDEs) are nanoscale vesicles with stable compositions, valuable for analyzing animal traits.
• MDEs can aid farm managers in timely interventions for animal welfare and milk quality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review advances in isolation, purification, and characterization of MDEs.
• To summarize MDE applications in dairy cattle management, including breed selection and disease control.
• To assess the impact of processing on MDE stability for dairy production guidance.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of MDEs isolation and purification techniques.
• Analysis of compositional characteristics and analytical tools for MDEs.
• Evaluation of MDEs liquid biopsy applications in livestock management.

Main Results:

• MDEs serve as potential biomarkers for lactation, reproduction, nutrition, and health.
• MDEs liquid biopsy aids in breed selection, disease prevention, and feeding management.
• Processing impacts MDE stability, requiring careful consideration for dairy production and storage.

Conclusions:

• MDEs are promising noninvasive markers for cow health and raw milk quality assessment.
• MDE-mediated assays offer high sensitivity and specificity for dairy management.
• This technology enables precise regulation of dairy cows and raw milk traceability.