Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Resting Potential Decay01:15

Resting Potential Decay

4.9K
The resting membrane potential of a neuron (-70mV) is sustained due to the selective ion permeability of the membrane. At the resting potential, the membrane is slightly permeable to ions like sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) and highly permeable to potassium ions (K+). Differences in the ions' concentration inside the cell compared to the outside are maintained by membrane transport proteins like channels and pumps.
At rest, the K+ is the main ion that moves across the membrane...
4.9K
Entropy within the Cell01:22

Entropy within the Cell

10.6K
A living cell's primary tasks of obtaining, transforming, and using energy to do work may seem simple. However, the second law of thermodynamics explains why these tasks are harder than they appear. None of the energy transfers in the universe are completely efficient. In every energy transfer, some amount of energy is lost in a form that is unusable. In most cases, this form is heat energy. Thermodynamically, heat energy is defined as the energy transferred from one system to another that...
10.6K
The Resting Membrane Potential01:21

The Resting Membrane Potential

132.0K
Overview
132.0K
Resting Membrane Potential01:24

Resting Membrane Potential

18.6K
The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is generated by differences in permeability of the membrane to various ions and the concentrations of these ions across the membrane.
The Inside of a Neuron is More Negative
The membrane potential of a cell can be measured by inserting a microelectrode into a cell and comparing the charge to a reference electrode in the extracellular fluid. The...
18.6K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

974
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
974
Entropy02:39

Entropy

30.1K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
30.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Battery of Quantitative Binocular Vision Tests for Adults: Testing Protocols.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2026
Same author

Multidimensional responses to generative AI in higher education: an integrative framework linking institutional governance, teaching practice, and student psychological adaptation.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same author

How volunteer engagement experiences relate to the social responsibility of university students: the roles of emotional intelligence and relational embeddedness.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same author

Characterizing the relationship between functional network dynamics and the body mass index.

Frontiers in nutrition·2026
Same author

The dynamic interplay between brain entropy and functional connectivity.

NeuroImage·2026
Same author

Effects of Rice-Duck-Crayfish Integrated System on the Community Structure of Plankton and Its Relationships with Environmental Factors.

Biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Microstate and Omega Complexity Analyses of the Resting-state Electroencephalography
06:40

Microstate and Omega Complexity Analyses of the Resting-state Electroencephalography

Published on: June 15, 2018

10.2K

The brain entropy dynamics in resting state.

Xiaoyang Xin1,2, Jiaqian Yu1, Xiaoqing Gao1

  • 1Center for Psychological Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|April 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dynamical brain entropy (BEN) reveals distinct brain states linked to cognitive function. Specific BEN states, identified using resting-state fMRI, correlate with cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and processing speed in healthy adults.

Keywords:
brain entropydynamicsgeneral cognitive abilityhuman connectome projectresting-state fMRI

More Related Videos

Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo
10:19

Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo

Published on: March 31, 2016

8.1K
Using Wavelet Entropy to Demonstrate how Mindfulness Practice Increases Coordination between Irregular Cerebral and Cardiac Activities
08:08

Using Wavelet Entropy to Demonstrate how Mindfulness Practice Increases Coordination between Irregular Cerebral and Cardiac Activities

Published on: May 10, 2017

14.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Microstate and Omega Complexity Analyses of the Resting-state Electroencephalography
06:40

Microstate and Omega Complexity Analyses of the Resting-state Electroencephalography

Published on: June 15, 2018

10.2K
Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo
10:19

Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo

Published on: March 31, 2016

8.1K
Using Wavelet Entropy to Demonstrate how Mindfulness Practice Increases Coordination between Irregular Cerebral and Cardiac Activities
08:08

Using Wavelet Entropy to Demonstrate how Mindfulness Practice Increases Coordination between Irregular Cerebral and Cardiac Activities

Published on: May 10, 2017

14.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Brain entropy (BEN) measures complexity in resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) but often assumes stationarity.
  • The brain is a dynamic system with reoccurring whole-brain patterns, suggesting time-varying BEN may be significant.
  • Previous research linked BEN to cognitive and mental functions, but its dynamic nature is less explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the time-varying features of brain entropy (BEN).
  • To explore the relationship between dynamical brain entropy (dBEN) states and general cognitive abilities.
  • To provide a dynamic framework for understanding BEN in relation to cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a sliding window approach to calculate dBEN from rs-fMRI data in 812 healthy adults (Human Connectome Project).
  • Applied k-means clustering to identify 4 recurring dBEN states.
  • Correlated fraction window (FW) and mean dwell time (MDT) of each state with cognitive measures (flexibility, control, speed).

Main Results:

  • A low-BEN state's FW and MDT negatively correlated with general cognitive abilities.
  • An intermediate-BEN state (in DMN, ECN, SAN) showed positive correlations between its FW, MDT, and cognitive abilities.
  • Identified specific dynamic brain entropy patterns associated with cognitive performance.

Conclusions:

  • Brain entropy is not stationary and exhibits dynamic states relevant to cognition.
  • Specific dBEN states and their temporal dynamics (FW, MDT) are linked to cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and processing speed.
  • This study offers a dynamic framework for BEN research, with potential applications in clinical populations.