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How does the problem-oriented innovation system (PIS) help in the management of cardiovascular diseases?
Shohreh Nasri1, Javad Amani2, Gelayol Safavi1
1Department of Science & Research Policy, National Research Institute for Science Policy, Tehran, Iran.
Insights
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Iran can be managed by addressing governance and societal challenges. A problem-oriented innovation system (PIS) framework offers strategies for short, medium, and long-term control of CVDs.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Systems Research
- Innovation Management
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become the leading cause of death in Iran since 1960, shifting from infectious diseases.
- Managing CVDs as a grand challenge requires systematic, interdisciplinary, and innovative approaches within the health system.
- The economic, social, and political systems of countries can be significantly impacted by the complexity of cardiovascular diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Iran using a novel problem-oriented innovation system (PIS) framework.
- To identify key governance-centered and society-driven challenges contributing to the CVD burden in Iran.
- To provide evidence-based policy recommendations for managing and controlling CVDs in Iran.
Main Methods:
- A library research approach was employed to identify challenges related to CVDs in Iran.
- The problem-oriented innovation system (PIS) framework was utilized for analysis.
- Challenges were categorized into "governance-centered" (policy, education, finance, personnel) and "society-driven" (diet, lifestyle, regulation, costs).
Main Results:
- The study identified critical challenges in CVD management within Iran's health system.
- Application of the problem-oriented innovation system (PIS) framework demonstrated that CVDs can be managed and controlled.
- Effective management and control of cardiovascular diseases are achievable within short-term, medium-term, and long-term periods.
Conclusions:
- Policy recommendations derived from the PIS framework can significantly improve CVD management in Iran.
- Interventions include enhancing public awareness, fostering public-private partnerships for specialized centers, and implementing electronic health records.
- Recommendations also encompass family health plans, promoting healthy food systems, expanding medical education capacity, and direct pharmaceutical subsidies for patients.
Introduction:
Cardiovascular diseases are a multifaceted and complex problem in the health system that can change the priorities of the economic, social, and even political systems of countries. Therefore, as a grand challenge (GC), its management requires adopting a systematic, interdisciplinary, and innovative approach. In Iran, the most common causes of death, have changed from infectious and diarrheal diseases to cardiovascular diseases since 1960.
Methods:
In this study, the novel framework of the problem-oriented innovation system (PIS) has been used, and cardiovascular diseases in Iran have been selected as a case study. To this end, first, the main challenges related to cardiovascular diseases in Iran were identified in two layers of "governance-centered" (including legal and policy gaps, insufficient education, financing, lack and unbalanced distribution of medical personnel) and "society driven" (including unhealthy diet and lifestyle, uncontrolled and hard-to-regulate factors, and high costs) through a library research. Then, the functional-structural framework of the problem-oriented innovation system was used to analyze cardiovascular diseases and provide policy recommendations.
Results:
The findings indicate that based on the eight functions of the problem-oriented innovation system, an important part of cardiovascular diseases can be managed and controlled in three short-term, medium-term, and long-term periods.
Conclusion:
Increasing public awareness in the form of university courses, participation of the government with the private sector in building and equipping specialized cardiovascular centers, creating an electronic health record from birth, implementing a family health plan focusing on less developed areas, supporting agriculture and guaranteeing the purchase of agricultural products and healthy food, increasing the capacity of accepting students in medical and paramedical fields, and allocating pharmaceutical currency in the form of pharmaceutical subsidies directly to cardiovascular patients, are among the most important policy recommendations for this grand challenge.
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