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Related Concept Videos

Transcription01:17

Transcription

21.6K
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
21.6K
Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

28.2K
RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
28.2K
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

15.3K
Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
15.3K
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

8.4K
8.4K
Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

11.0K
Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These...
11.0K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

6.9K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
6.9K

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The elusive transcriptional memory trace.

Beatriz Gil-Marti1,2, Celia G Barredo1, Sara Pina-Flores1

  • 1Molecular Physiology of Behavior Laboratory, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain.

Oxford Open Neuroscience
|April 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This review explores memory formation, focusing on how gene expression changes during different memory phases. Advances in transcriptomics reveal potential transcriptional traces for memory, offering new insights into brain function.

Keywords:
engramlearningmemorymolecular signaturetracetranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Memory involves sequential phases: encoding, consolidation, storage, and reactivation.
  • Engrams, coordinated neuronal populations, are considered the basis of memory.
  • Protein synthesis and transcriptional programs are crucial for engram formation and maintenance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the transcriptional basis of memory.
  • To discuss the possibility of identifying a transcriptional trace for memory.
  • To highlight the role of transcriptomics in studying memory mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent findings in memory research.
  • Analysis of transcriptomic data related to memory phases.
  • Discussion of the challenges and advancements in studying gene expression in memory.

Main Results:

  • Immediate early gene responses during learning are well-studied.
  • Transcriptomic approaches enable detailed analysis of later memory phases.
  • Evidence suggests specific transcriptional programs are involved in memory maintenance.

Conclusions:

  • Transcriptomics provides powerful tools to investigate memory mechanisms.
  • Identifying a specific transcriptional trace for memory is an active area of research.
  • Understanding memory at a transcriptional level is key to deciphering brain function.