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Related Concept Videos

Inducible Operons: lac Operon01:25

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The lac operon in Escherichia coli is a model for understanding inducible gene regulation and metabolic flexibility. It integrates local control by lactose and global regulation through catabolite repression, enabling E. coli to preferentially metabolize glucose when available and switch to lactose utilization when glucose is scarce.Structure and Function of the lac OperonThe lac operon contains three structural genes: lacZ (β-galactosidase), lacY (lactose permease), and lacA...
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Redefining piscine lactococcosis.

Taylor I Heckman1, Zeinab Yazdi1, Caitlin E Older2

  • 1Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
|April 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Piscine lactococcosis, caused by three similar bacteria, requires accurate identification for effective management. Whole-genome sequencing and gyrB gene sequencing are most reliable for distinguishing these fish pathogens.

Keywords:
Lactococcusaquaculturefishsepticemia

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Area of Science:

  • Aquatic animal health
  • Bacteriology
  • Fish disease diagnostics

Background:

  • Piscine lactococcosis is a severe septicemic disease impacting global fish populations.
  • Historically attributed to Lactococcus garvieae, three distinct species (L. garvieae, L. petauri, L. formosensis) are now known to cause the disease.
  • These species are phenotypically and genetically similar, leading to widespread misidentification and ineffective disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of various molecular and phenotypic assays for differentiating three lactococcosis-causing bacteria (LCB).
  • To provide updated diagnostic methods for accurate species and strain identification of LCB.
  • To inform improved disease prevention and treatment strategies for piscine lactococcosis.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on representative isolates of L. garvieae, L. petauri, and L. formosensis.
  • Various molecular assays were evaluated, including gyrB gene sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR).
  • Phenotypic methods assessed included MALDI-TOF MS, API 20 Strep, Biolog, FAME analysis, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Main Results:

  • Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and gyrB gene sequencing provided accurate species and strain-level identification.
  • A qPCR assay targeting a glycosyltransferase gene differentiated L. petauri from L. garvieae/L. formosensis.
  • Biochemical tests and MALDI-TOF MS showed some discriminatory patterns but require complementary analyses; significant differences in antimicrobial susceptibility were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate differentiation of L. garvieae, L. petauri, and L. formosensis is crucial for understanding piscine lactococcosis epidemiology and control.
  • gyrB sequencing is a reliable method for routine identification, complementing WGS.
  • Differences in host specificity and antimicrobial resistance highlight the need for species-specific diagnostic and management approaches.