Cardiovascular disease and cancer: shared risk factors and mechanisms

Area of Science:

• Cardio-oncology
• Epidemiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are leading global causes of death.
• These two major diseases are increasingly recognized as interconnected.
• Shared modifiable risk factors contribute to the burden of both conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review epidemiological data on shared risk factors for CVD and cancer.
• To examine the bidirectional relationship between CVD and cancer incidence.
• To discuss shared pathophysiological mechanisms and future research in cardio-oncology.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of epidemiological data.
• Analysis of modifiable risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, obesity, smoking, diet, physical activity, social determinants).
• Review of studies on CVD risk in cancer patients and cancer risk in CVD patients.

Main Results:

• Significant overlap exists in modifiable risk factors for CVD and cancer.
• Patients with cancer have an increased risk of CVD.
• Patients with CVD have an increased risk of cancer, indicating a bidirectional link.

Conclusions:

• CVD and cancer share common risk factors and underlying mechanisms.
• The bidirectional relationship between CVD and cancer necessitates integrated research and clinical approaches.
• Future research in cardio-oncology should focus on prevention and management strategies for patients with both conditions.