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Effect of aerobic exercise and particulate matter exposure duration on the diversity of gut microbiota

Saba Imdad1,2, Jin-Hee Kim2, Byunghun So1

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism in Health & Disease, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea.

Animal Cells and Systems
|April 11, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Exposure to particulate matter (PM) harms gut microbiome diversity, but exercise can promote beneficial bacteria. Combined PM exposure and exercise interventions in mice reveal distinct microbial shifts, offering insights into gut health.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Microbiology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Ambient particulate matter (PM) inhalation disrupts gut microbiome composition.
  • Aerobic exercise independently influences the gut microbiome by promoting beneficial bacteria.
  • The combined effects of PM exposure and exercise on the gut microbiome are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze changes in gut microbial diversity and composition in response to combined interventions of PM exposure and aerobic exercise.
  • To investigate the impact of short-term (3-day) and long-term (12-week) PM exposure combined with exercise on the gut microbiome.
  • To identify specific microbial taxa affected by these interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Mice were divided into five groups: control, exercise only, exercise followed by 3-day PM exposure, PM exposure only, and PM exposure with concurrent treadmill exercise.
  • Gut microbial diversity (alpha and beta diversity) and composition were analyzed.
  • Differential abundance analysis was performed to identify specific bacterial taxa.

Main Results:

  • PM exposure significantly reduced gut microbial alpha diversity and richness compared to controls.
  • Exercise interventions (EXE and PME) led to a significant enhancement of Lachnospiraceae family members.
  • Specific taxa like Lactobacillus and Desulfovibrionaceae were enriched in exercise and PM groups, respectively, while PM exposure reduced the abundance of Bacteroides uniformis and Staphylococcus.

Conclusions:

  • Combined PM exposure and exercise interventions induce significant alterations in gut microbial diversity and composition.
  • Exercise may partially mitigate some negative effects of PM exposure on the gut microbiome.
  • Findings highlight specific microbial players involved in the gut's response to environmental pollutants and exercise, guiding future research.
Keywords:
16S rRNA sequencingExercisegut microbiomemicrobiota diversity and richnessparticulate matter exposure

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