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Introduction to Enzymes01:22

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The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
Most enzymes are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed. Enzymes contain one or more active sites that...
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Mass Spectrometry-Guided Genome Mining as a Tool to Uncover Novel Natural Products
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Genome Mining for New Enzyme Chemistry.

Dinh T Nguyen1,1, Douglas A Mitchell1,1, Wilfred A van der Donk1,1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.

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Genome mining reveals a vast potential of novel enzyme chemistry for biocatalysis. Discovering new enzymatic transformations is key to advancing scalable and sustainable production of valuable compounds.

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Area of Science:

  • Biocatalysis and enzyme engineering
  • Genomics and bioinformatics

Background:

  • Enzymes are crucial for scalable synthesis of valuable compounds.
  • Expanding the repertoire of known enzymatic transformations is essential for biocatalysis.
  • Genomic sequencing projects offer a rich source of uncharacterized proteins with potential enzymatic activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review enzymatic transformations discovered through genome mining.
  • To highlight the potential of these novel enzymes in biocatalysis.
  • To showcase the future applications of uncovered enzyme chemistry.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on genome mining.
  • Analysis of uncharacterized proteins from genomic data.
  • Identification of novel enzymatic transformations.

Main Results:

  • Genome mining has uncovered a significant reservoir of novel enzyme chemistry.
  • Numerous uncharacterized proteins possess unique catalytic capabilities.
  • These discoveries offer new possibilities for biocatalytic applications.

Conclusions:

  • Uncharacterized proteins from genomic data represent a largely untapped resource for biocatalysis.
  • Genome mining is a powerful strategy for discovering novel enzymatic transformations.
  • Future applications in biocatalysis can be significantly advanced by exploring this enzymatic treasure trove.