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Zolpidem Stimulant Effect and Dependence: A Case Report on Intranasal Use
Branimir Margetić1, Marina Alaber2
1Margetić, MD, PhD., Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Šuška, Zagreb, Croatia.
Psychopharmacology Bulletin
|April 11, 2024
Summary
Intranasal zolpidem (a hypnotic) misuse can cause euphoria and addiction, a rare but emerging issue. This case highlights the risks of non-oral zolpidem use and its potential for dependence.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Addiction Medicine
- Clinical Case Study
Background:
- Zolpidem is a commonly prescribed hypnotic medication.
- Intranasal misuse of zolpidem is a relatively new phenomenon.
- Dependence linked to euphoria from zolpidem is considered rare.
Observation:
- A 51-year-old polydrug abuser with antisocial personality disorder developed zolpidem dependence.
- The patient exclusively used zolpidem intranasally, consuming up to 500 mg daily.
- Intranasal administration induced euphoria, unlike oral use.
Findings:
- Euphoric effects occurred within 3-5 minutes of intranasal zolpidem administration.
- Severe withdrawal symptoms emerged 7-8 hours after use, relieved by re-administration.
- Dependence was successfully managed via gradual dose reduction (tapering).
Implications:
- Clinicians must recognize the potential for euphoric effects and addiction with intranasal zolpidem.
- This case underscores the risks associated with non-oral routes of zolpidem administration.
- Further research into the misuse potential of intranasal zolpidem is warranted.
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