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Escalating Carbon Export from High-Elevation Rivers in a Warming Climate.

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Warming mountain ecosystems significantly increases dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) export from rivers, especially in permafrost regions. Permafrost thaw enhances carbon release, altering riverine carbon dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • High-elevation mountains face rapid warming, impacting terrestrial carbon export.
  • The effects of warming on riverine carbon export in these sensitive regions are poorly understood.
  • Permafrost thaw is a critical process in high-mountain environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of warming on dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and organic carbon export from rivers on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
  • To differentiate the effects of warming and permafrost thaw on riverine carbon dynamics.
  • To analyze long-term and short-term datasets of carbon isotopes and concentrations.

Main Methods:

  • Collected long-term data on dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC).
  • Acquired short-term data on DIC, δ13C-DIC, and organic carbon from the Jinsha River (JSR) and Yalong River (YLR).
  • Analyzed carbon concentrations and fluxes in relation to temperature, precipitation, and discharge.

Main Results:

  • Warming (>3 °C) and increased precipitation in the high-elevation JSR (51% permafrost) led to a 35% increase in DIC concentration and a 110% increase in DIC flux.
  • Comparable warming in the lower-elevation YLR (14% permafrost) did not yield similar increases in DIC.
  • DIC concentrations in the JSR shifted from dilution to chemostasis with warming, and lighter δ13C-DIC under high discharge indicated permafrost thaw contribution.

Conclusions:

  • Warming is a primary driver altering lateral carbon export in high-elevation river systems.
  • Permafrost thaw significantly boosts DIC production and export by enhancing soil respiration and weathering.
  • Riverine carbon export patterns are modified by warming, with permafrost regions showing amplified responses.