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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Autism-associated brain differences can be observed in utero using MRI.

Alpen Ortug1,2,3, Yurui Guo1, Henry A Feldman1

  • 1Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|April 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Autism spectrum disorder biomarkers may appear in the fetal period. Increased insular cortex volume in fetuses may predict future autism spectrum disorder development, aiding early identification.

Keywords:
MRIautism spectrum disorderbrain segmentationfetusvolume

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) research
  • Fetal neuroimaging

Background:

  • Prenatal developmental changes are linked to autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
  • Early identification of anatomical predictors can advance understanding of ASD neurobiology.
  • This may lead to earlier and more effective ASD interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the earliest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based regional volumetric biomarkers for ASD.
  • To investigate fetal brain development in relation to later ASD diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of clinical brain MRI data from fetuses.
  • Identification of prospective autism spectrum disorder cases based on later diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • MRI-based ASD biomarkers are detectable in the fetal period.
  • Increased insular cortex volume in fetuses shows promise as an early biomarker for ASD.
  • Other regional volume changes and hemispheric asymmetries may also be relevant.

Conclusions:

  • Fetal MRI can reveal biomarkers associated with future ASD development.
  • The insular cortex volume is a potential key prenatal indicator for ASD.
  • These findings support earlier identification and intervention strategies for autism spectrum disorders.