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  1. Home
  3. An Energy-conserving Reaction In Amino Acid Metabolism Catalyzed By Arginine Synthetase.
  1. Home
  3. An Energy-conserving Reaction In Amino Acid Metabolism Catalyzed By Arginine Synthetase.

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An energy-conserving reaction in amino acid metabolism catalyzed by arginine synthetase.

Yuta Michimori1,2, Yuusuke Yokooji1, Haruyuki Atomi1,2,3

  • 1Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|April 11, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered a novel enzyme, arginine synthetase, in hyperthermophilic archaea. This enzyme synthesizes arginine and conserves energy by generating ATP from arginine deimination, playing a crucial role in microbial amino acid metabolism.

Keywords:
Archaeaargininebioinformaticscatabolismmetabolism

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Microbial Metabolism
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Life typically synthesizes arginine from citrulline via argininosuccinate synthetase and lyase.
  • Arginine breakdown to citrulline primarily occurs through hydrolysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a novel enzyme involved in arginine metabolism from *Thermococcus kodakarensis*.
  • To elucidate the function and significance of this newly discovered enzyme in energy conservation and amino acid biosynthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme identification and characterization in *Thermococcus kodakarensis*.
  • Gene disruption and growth comparison experiments.
  • Biochemical assays to determine enzyme activity and reaction equilibrium.

Main Results:

  • An enzyme, designated arginine synthetase, was identified, catalyzing the synthesis of arginine from citrulline, ATP, and ammonia.
  • Arginine synthetase functions in reverse to conserve energy, generating ATP from ADP and phosphate during arginine deimination.
  • The gene disruption strain's growth indicated the enzyme's necessity for ornithine production (proline precursor) and ATP generation.

Conclusions:

  • Arginine synthetase represents a novel pathway for arginine synthesis and energy conservation in microbial metabolism.
  • This enzyme is widespread across bacteria and eukaryotes, highlighting its fundamental biological importance.
  • The identified pathway, including ornithine transcarbamoylase and carbamate kinase, is named the arginine synthetase pathway.