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COVID-19-Induced Automation: An Exploratory Study of Critical Occupations.

Chun Song1,2, Lionel J Beaulieu1,2, Indraneel Kumar1

  • 1Purdue Center for Regional Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.

Economic Development Quarterly
|April 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic may increase automation in jobs like food service and cleaning. Analysis of job postings shows higher automation potential correlates with fewer job ads, impacting the labor market.

Keywords:
COVID-19labor marketoccupationpandemic-induced automation

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Area of Science:

  • Labor Economics
  • Sociology of Technology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic presented unique challenges to the labor force, particularly in essential occupations.
  • Concerns arose regarding the potential acceleration of automation due to pandemic-related disruptions and health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between COVID-19 exposure risk and automation potential across detailed Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System occupations.
  • To quantify the impact of pandemic-induced automation on U.S. job postings.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed occupations based on disease exposure (e.g., COVID-19) and automation probability.
  • Analyzed monthly U.S. job posting data from 2016 to 2021.
  • Developed an Automation Index to measure automation potential.

Main Results:

  • Occupations in food preparation, service, and cleaning exhibit higher susceptibility to pandemic-driven automation.
  • A statistically significant decrease in job postings was observed for occupations with higher automation potential post-pandemic.
  • The negative association between the Automation Index and job postings remained robust even after controlling for posting duration and excluding health occupations.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic appears to be a catalyst for increased automation in specific sectors.
  • Findings highlight the need for proactive strategies to foster a resilient, labor-focused post-pandemic economy.
  • The study provides early insights into automation's evolving role in the workforce.