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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.3K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.3K
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

25.8K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
25.8K
Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions to Alkenes: Markovnikov's Rule02:17

Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions to Alkenes: Markovnikov's Rule

14.2K
If a set of reactants can yield multiple constitutional isomers, but one of the isomers is obtained as the major product, the reaction is said to be regioselective. In such reactions, bond formation or breaking is favored at one reaction site over others.
The hydrohalogenation of an unsymmetrical alkene can yield two haloalkane products, depending on which vinylic carbon takes up the halogen. However, one product usually predominates, where hydrogen adds to the vinylic carbon bearing the...
14.2K
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.0K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
12.0K
Radical Anti-Markovnikov Addition to Alkenes: Overview01:25

Radical Anti-Markovnikov Addition to Alkenes: Overview

3.4K
The addition of hydrogen bromide to alkenes in the presence of hydroperoxides or peroxides proceeds via an anti-Markovnikov pathway and yields alkyl bromides.
3.4K
Noble Gases02:54

Noble Gases

17.5K

The elements in group 18 are noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon). They earned the name “noble” because they were assumed to be nonreactive since they have filled valence shells. In 1962, Dr. Neil Bartlett at the University of British Columbia proved this assumption to be false.
17.5K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
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Rare earth elements induced electronic engineering in Rh cluster toward efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution

Xin-Yi Zhang1, Ben-Jian Xin2, Zhi-Xiong Huang2

  • 1Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, PR China.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|April 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Rare earth metals (RE) enhance hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts. Sm-Rh@NSPC shows excellent HER performance and stability, attributed to Sm-Rh electronic synergy, offering new avenues for efficient electrocatalyst development.

Keywords:
ClusterDopingElectrocatalystsJoule heatRare earth metal

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Rare earth metals (RE) possess unique electronic and crystal structures beneficial for catalysis.
  • The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for clean energy technologies.
  • Developing efficient and stable electrocatalysts for HER remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel RE-doped Rh@NSPC (N, S co-doped porous carbon nanosheets) nanocatalysts.
  • To investigate the impact of RE doping on the HER performance of Rh-based catalysts.
  • To explore the synergistic electronic interactions between RE elements and Rh for enhanced electrocatalysis.

Main Methods:

  • A simple, rapid, and solvent-free joule-heat pyrolysis method was employed for catalyst synthesis.
  • Rare earth metals (Sm, Nd, Pr, Ho) were doped into Rh@NSPC with nanoparticle sizes < 2 nm.
  • Electrocatalytic HER performance was evaluated in 1.0 M KOH, including overpotential and Tafel slope measurements.

Main Results:

  • The optimized Sm-Rh@NSPC catalyst demonstrated exceptional HER performance.
  • Synergistic electronic interactions between Sm and Rh clusters enhanced electron cloud density on Rh.
  • The catalyst achieved an overpotential of 18.1 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² with a Tafel slope of 15.2 mV dec⁻¹.
  • The Sm-Rh@NSPC catalyst exhibited stable operation for over 100 hours at 10 mA cm⁻².

Conclusions:

  • RE doping, particularly with Sm, significantly enhances the HER catalytic activity and stability of Rh@NSPC.
  • The enhanced performance is attributed to improved H⁺ adsorption and H₂ desorption kinetics due to Sm-Rh electronic synergy.
  • This study presents a novel approach for synthesizing RE-enhanced nanocatalysts and offers insights for developing advanced electrocatalysts.