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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data01:12

Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data

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Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

724
Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
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Dose-Response Relationship: Potency and Efficacy01:22

Dose-Response Relationship: Potency and Efficacy

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The potency of a drug is the measure of its ability to produce a biological response and can be compared by looking at the half-maximum effective concentration or EC50 values of different drugs. A lower EC50 value indicates higher potency of the drug. In the dose–response curve of two antihypertensive drugs, candesartan and irbesartan, a significant difference is observed in their EC50 values. A lower EC50 value for candesartan indicates that it is more potent than irbesartan, as it...
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The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
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Preferences for a community pharmacy-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery program: A discrete choice

Swarnali Goswami, John P Bentley, Minsoo Kang

    Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : Japha
    |April 11, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary

    Community pharmacies can improve access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Men who have sex with men (MSM) prefer same-day HIV test results and online screening for pharmacy-based PrEP programs.

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    An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Pharmacy Practice
    • HIV Prevention

    Background:

    • Community pharmacies are well-positioned to enhance access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
    • Pharmacy-based PrEP delivery programs offer a promising avenue to improve uptake and adherence.
    • Understanding patient preferences is crucial for designing effective and accessible PrEP services.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine preferences for key attributes of a hypothetical community pharmacy-based PrEP program.
    • To identify predictors of these preferences among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the U.S.
    • To inform the development of patient-centered PrEP services delivered through pharmacies.

    Main Methods:

    • A cross-sectional anonymous survey was administered to 390 eligible U.S. MSM.
    • A discrete choice experiment evaluated preferences for seven pharmacy-based PrEP program attributes.
    • Latent class analysis identified preference heterogeneity, and logistic regression analyzed predictors of class membership.

    Main Results:

    • The most critical attribute was the time to receive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test results, with same-day results being highly preferred.
    • Online questionnaires for initial PrEP eligibility screening were the second most preferred attribute.
    • Four distinct preference classes emerged, with the largest group favoring same-day results and online monitoring (63.1%).

    Conclusions:

    • Preferences for pharmacy-based PrEP programs among MSM are diverse.
    • Incorporating same-day HIV test result delivery and online screening are essential for program design.
    • Tailoring PrEP services to identified preference groups can optimize engagement and effectiveness.