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Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia
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Early Infant Prefrontal Cortical Microstructure Predicts Present and Future Emotionality.

Yicheng Zhang1, Layla Banihashemi2, Amelia Versace2

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

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Infant brain microstructure in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is linked to emotionality. Greater microstructural complexity in specific PFC regions may indicate higher risk for future emotional and behavioral problems.

Keywords:
Brain developmentCortical microstructureDiffusion MRIInfant emotionalityInfant neuroimagingNODDINeurite orientation dispersion and density imagingPrefrontal cortexdMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Infant negative emotionality (NE) and low positive emotionality (PE) predict future emotional and behavioral problems.
  • The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is crucial for emotional regulation, with specialized subregions.
  • Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) assesses brain microstructure, but its link to infant emotionality is unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between PFC microstructure and infant emotionality.
  • To explore if specific PFC subregional microstructural indices predict concurrent and future infant NE and PE.

Main Methods:

  • Modeled PFC subregional neurite density index (NDI) and orientation dispersion index (ODI) at 3 months.
  • Used caregiver-reported infant NE and PE at 3 and 9 months.
  • Employed multivariable and bivariate regression models.

Main Results:

  • Positive associations found between rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) ODI and caudal ACC NDI with concurrent NE.
  • Lateral orbitofrontal cortex ODI at 3 months positively associated with prospective NE.
  • Dorsolateral PFC ODI negatively associated with concurrent PE.

Conclusions:

  • Increased microstructural complexity (NDI/ODI) in PFC regions (rostral ACC, lateral OFC, caudal ACC, dorsolateral PFC) may relate to higher NE and lower PE.
  • These findings suggest potential infant cortical markers for psychopathology risk.