Cortico-striatal differences in the epigenome in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder
Gauri G Shastri1, Gustavo Sudre1, Kwangmi Ahn1
1Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Translational Psychiatry
|April 11, 2024
Summary
This study examined brain epigenetics in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Differentially methylated regions were found, implicating neurodevelopmental genes and linking ADHD to other psychiatric disorders.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Epigenetic modifications are linked to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) via peripheral tissues.
- Previous research has not investigated the brain's epigenome in ADHD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the brain's methylome in individuals with and without ADHD.
- To identify differentially methylated regions and associated genes in ADHD.
Main Methods:
- Methylome mapping of the caudate nucleus and anterior cingulate cortex in post-mortem brain tissue.
- Analysis of differential methylation and correlation with gene expression using transcriptomic data.
Main Results:
- Several differentially methylated regions were identified, implicating genes in neurodevelopmental processes.
- Association found between caudate differentially methylated genes and genes implicated in ADHD, autism, OCD, and bipolar disorder via GWAS.
- Modest correlations observed between gene methylation and expression levels.
Conclusions:
- The study highlights the role of neurodevelopmental genes and pathways in ADHD through cortico-striatal methylome analysis.
- Findings align with genetic variation and transcriptome studies in ADHD.
- Epigenetic alterations in the brain may contribute to ADHD pathophysiology and its comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
57
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
57
01:28Human Genetics
565
Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
565
01:37Epigenetic Regulation
3.0K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
X-chromosome...
3.0K