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A National Database Analysis: Does Cold Weather Affect the Surgical Intervention Rate for Developmental Dysplasia of

Samantha L Ferraro1, Anthony K Chiu1, B Tanner Seibold1

  • 1Orthopaedic Surgery, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA.

Cureus
|April 12, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Infants born in colder climates may face a higher risk of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), requiring more surgical interventions. This study links colder winter temperatures to increased rates of DDH surgery in children under five.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Pediatrics
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Cold weather exposure in early infancy may correlate with delayed diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).
  • Early detection of DDH is crucial for non-surgical treatment success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) surgical intervention rates vary based on average winter outdoor temperatures.
  • To analyze the association between geographic region, winter temperature, and surgical treatment for DDH.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective observational study analyzed a national administrative database of DDH patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2021.
  • Patients (≤5 years old) were categorized into five geographic regions based on average winter temperatures.
  • DDH-related surgical intervention rates were compared across these temperature-defined regions.

Main Results:

  • A total of 55,911 DDH patients were included in the analysis.
  • The coldest region (average winter temperature -6.17°C) showed significantly higher rates for open reduction, adductor tenotomy, femoral osteotomy, pelvic osteotomy, and total DDH surgeries compared to the warmest region.
  • Specifically, total DDH surgeries were 11.42% in the coldest region versus 5.03% in the warmest.

Conclusions:

  • Children residing in colder climates (average winter temperature of -6.17°C) demonstrated an increased likelihood of needing surgical intervention for DDH within their first five years of life.
  • Environmental temperature during infancy may be a contributing factor to the severity and treatment pathway for developmental dysplasia of the hip.

Keywords:
adductor tenotomycold weatherdevelopmental dysplasia of the hipopen hip reductionosteotomypediatric hip

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