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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
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Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Chemopreventive agents offer potential cancer risk reduction for hereditary gastrointestinal syndromes like Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis. Current research reviews existing and emerging compounds, addressing challenges in efficacy and safety for these rare conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Hereditary gastrointestinal predisposition syndromes necessitate intensive screening or surgery for cancer prevention.
  • Chemopreventive agents are explored as adjuncts, particularly in high-risk hereditary cancer patients.
  • Few chemopreventive compounds are currently established as effective, safe, and tolerable for widespread use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current data on chemopreventive compounds for Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis.
  • To discuss agents under investigation for hereditary gastrointestinal cancer prevention.
  • To highlight challenges in current research, including small sample sizes and lack of standardized endpoints.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of chemopreventive strategies in hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes.
  • Summary of existing clinical data on specific compounds.
  • Discussion of ongoing research and investigational agents.

Main Results:

  • Limited number of chemopreventive agents have demonstrated efficacy, safety, and tolerability.
  • Research in rare hereditary syndromes faces challenges like small cohorts and variable study designs.
  • Several compounds are under investigation for potential use.

Conclusions:

  • Chemoprevention remains a critical area of research for hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes.
  • Further standardized research is needed to identify effective and safe agents.
  • Investigational compounds show promise for future therapeutic strategies.