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Related Concept Videos

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile01:25

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile

Understanding serum lipids is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart disease and stroke.
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
Cholesterol is a soft, fat-like substance found in all body cells. It is crucial for producing hormones, vitamin D, and substances that aid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
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Plasma lipids paediatric reference intervals: Indirect estimation using a large 14-year database.

Paola Galozzi1, Andrea Padoan1, Carlo Moretti2

  • 1Laboratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
|April 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Establishing population-specific lipid reference intervals (RIs) for children is crucial. This study used data mining to create indirect RIs for pediatric cholesterol and triglycerides, offering a practical, low-cost solution for improved laboratory services.

Keywords:
cholesterolindirect reference interval (RIs)paediatrictriglycerides

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Pediatric Laboratory Medicine
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Establishing direct reference intervals (RIs) for pediatric patients is challenging.
  • Indirect RIs offer a practical, low-cost alternative using existing clinical data.
  • Dyslipidemia is a significant concern in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish population-specific lipid reference intervals (RIs) for pediatric patients.
  • To provide enhanced laboratory services for local children.
  • To utilize data mining for indirect RI determination.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of laboratory data (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL) for patients <18 years (2009-2022).
  • Application of the RefineR algorithm for RI estimation.
  • Data refinement using exclusion criteria, resulting in 17,933 patient records.

Main Results:

  • Population-specific RIs were determined for pediatric lipid analytes.
  • Age and sex stratification revealed variations, particularly in TC and TG in children <5 years.
  • Established RIs were comparable to literature values, with a notably lower upper TG limit for children <3 years.

Conclusions:

  • The derived pediatric lipid RIs are tailored to the specific patient population.
  • These RIs are essential for accurate pediatric lipid monitoring.
  • Indirect RI establishment is a valuable approach for pediatric laboratory services.