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Updated: Jun 28, 2025

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Secondary Cancer after Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Prostate Cancer: A Nationwide Study

Jae Heon Kim1, Gi Hwan Bae2, Jaehun Jung2,3

  • 1Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

The World Journal of Men'S Health
|April 12, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) use in prostate cancer patients was linked to a higher risk of secondary cancers, particularly brain and central nervous system (CNS) cancers. However, ADT also showed a reduced risk for several other cancer types.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Urology
  • Cancer Epidemiology

Background:

  • Androgen signaling plays a role in various cancers, making androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) a potential treatment strategy.
  • Understanding the association between ADT and secondary cancers is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and the incidence of secondary cancers, excluding prostate cancer.
  • To analyze cancer-specific incidence rates in a large cohort of men treated for prostate cancer.

Main Methods:

  • A nationwide population-based cohort study included 170,416 men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2002 and 2017.
  • Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to create comparable ADT and non-ADT groups.
  • Cox proportional hazard regression models analyzed the risk of secondary cancers.

Main Results:

  • The ADT group exhibited a higher overall risk of secondary cancer incidence compared to the non-ADT group (adjusted HR: 1.344).
  • A significantly increased risk of brain and central nervous system (CNS) cancers was observed in the ADT group (adjusted HR: 1.648).
  • The ADT group showed decreased risks for stomach, colon/rectum, liver/IBD, gallbladder, lung, bladder, and kidney cancers.

Conclusions:

  • Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) influences the incidence of various secondary cancers.
  • The findings highlight a complex relationship between ADT and secondary cancer risks, with both increased and decreased risks observed for different cancer types.
Keywords:
Cohort studiesProstatic neoplasmsReceptors, androgenSurvival analysis

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