Single-Stage Lateral Sinus Floor Elevation Using Different Grafts: A Systematic Review of Controlled Clinical Trials

Area of Science:

• Dental Implantology
• Oral Surgery
• Biomaterials Science

Background:

• Sinus augmentation procedures are crucial for dental implant success in the posterior maxilla.
• Simultaneous implant placement with sinus augmentation requires effective bone graft materials.
• Histologic and imaging outcomes are key indicators of graft success and bone formation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate histologic and imaging results of new bone formation around implants placed during sinus augmentation.
• To compare the efficacy of different graft materials used in simultaneous sinus augmentation and implant placement.

Main Methods:

• A systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted.
• Searches included LILACS/BVS, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases, plus gray literature.
• Included were human clinical trials with histologic and imaging data on bone formation around implants in augmented sinuses.

Main Results:

• Five studies (4 randomized, 1 controlled clinical trial) involving 103 patients were included.
• Data from 130 grafted sinuses and 179 implants were analyzed; heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis.
• All graft materials were viable; biphasic calcium phosphate demonstrated higher bone-to-implant contact.

Conclusions:

• All evaluated graft materials are suitable for sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant placement.
• Grafting maintains sinus volume and facilitates bone formation at the implant apex.
• Biphasic calcium phosphate offers superior bone-to-implant contact compared to deproteinized bovine bone.