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Retrospective Analysis of Burn Injuries in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Lauren E Mazur1, Katelyn M Even2, Conrad Krawiec2

  • 1Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, USA. lmazur@pennstatehealth.psu.edu.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
|April 12, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experiencing burn injuries face higher mortality risks and critical care needs. This study highlights increased odds of death and intensive care requirements for pediatric burn patients with ASD in the U.S.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Burn Injury Outcomes
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders Research
  • Clinical Informatics

Background:

  • Children with neurodevelopmental disorders are at increased risk for burn injuries.
  • Clinical outcomes, especially mortality, for pediatric burn patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the U.S. remain largely unknown.
  • Understanding these outcomes is crucial for targeted interventions and improved patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate subject characteristics, burn injury types, clinical care, and mortality rates in children with ASD.
  • To compare clinical outcomes and critical care management between children with and without ASD following burn injuries.
  • To test the hypothesis that pediatric burn patients with ASD have similar mortality and critical care needs compared to their non-ASD counterparts.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational cohort study using the TriNetX electronic health record database.
  • Inclusion criteria: subjects aged 0-18 years with burn injury diagnostic codes.
  • Analysis of demographics, diagnoses, medications, procedures, and mortality data for 99,323 subjects (3,083 with ASD, 96,240 without ASD).

Main Results:

  • Children with ASD showed a significantly higher odds of 1-year all-cause mortality (1.9 times).
  • Pediatric burn patients with ASD had increased odds of requiring critical care services (1.88 times) and mechanical ventilation (2.69 times).
  • The findings contradict the initial hypothesis, indicating worse outcomes for children with ASD.

Conclusions:

  • U.S. children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who sustain burn injuries have a higher likelihood of mortality and critical care needs compared to children without ASD.
  • These findings underscore the vulnerability of pediatric burn patients with ASD and the need for specialized care considerations.
  • Further research is essential to elucidate the specific factors contributing to increased mortality and critical care requirements in this population.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disorderBurnsCritical carePediatricsSDOH

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