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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

370
Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

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Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers

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β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Biventricular Assessment of Cardiac Function and Pressure-Volume Loops by Closed-Chest Catheterization in Mice
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Left ventricular diastolic function and cardiotoxic chemotherapy.

Haider Rashid1, Aamir Rashid2, Asif Mattoo1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, SKIMS, Soura, Srinagar, J & K, India.

The Egyptian Heart Journal : (EHJ) : Official Bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology
|April 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiotoxic chemotherapy causes early diastolic dysfunction. This early dysfunction predicts later systolic dysfunction in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Keywords:
Cardiotoxic chemotherapyDiastolic dysfunctionGlobal longitudinal strainLeft ventricular systolic dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Oncology
  • Cardio-oncology

Background:

  • Cardiotoxic chemotherapy can impair myocardial function.
  • Conflicting data exist on whether diastolic dysfunction precedes systolic dysfunction post-chemotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate systolic and diastolic dysfunction following cardiotoxic chemotherapy.
  • To determine if diastolic dysfunction predicts future systolic dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Observational prospective cohort study.
  • Included patients receiving cardiotoxic chemotherapy.
  • Echocardiographic assessment of systolic and diastolic function at baseline, 3, and 6 months.

Main Results:

  • Left ventricular ejection fraction decreased from 64.9% to 61.0% at 6 months.
  • Global longitudinal strain declined, with 15% of patients showing reduced strain.
  • Diastolic dysfunction (Grade 1 or 2) was observed in 31.3% of patients by 6 months.
  • Early diastolic dysfunction at 3 months correlated with lower ejection fraction at 6 months (r = -0.595, p = 0.02).

Conclusions:

  • Cardiotoxic chemotherapy is linked to the early onset of diastolic dysfunction.
  • Early diastolic dysfunction serves as a predictor for subsequent left ventricular systolic dysfunction.