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Transfusion-transmitted infections.

Han Joo Kim1, Dae-Hyun Ko2

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.

Blood Research
|April 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) are a persistent risk. While screening reduces many infections, bacterial contamination causing septic transfusion reactions (STRs) remains a challenge, prompting new inactivation methods.

Keywords:
Hepatitis B virusHepatitis C virusHuman immunodeficiency virusPathogen inactivationTransfusion-transmitted infection

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Area of Science:

  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) pose a significant risk due to the biological nature of blood products.
  • Screening for viruses like HBV, HCV, and HIV has greatly reduced TTI rates globally.
  • Septic transfusion reactions (STRs) from bacterial contamination remain a critical, unresolved issue in transfusion safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the challenges and advancements in preventing transfusion-transmitted infections.
  • To highlight the persistent problem of bacterial contamination and septic transfusion reactions.
  • To introduce pathogen inactivation as a novel approach to enhance transfusion safety.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on TTI prevention strategies.
  • Analysis of current screening methods for infectious agents in blood products.
  • Discussion of emerging pathogen inactivation technologies.

Main Results:

  • Current screening methods have limitations in preventing all TTIs, particularly bacterial contamination.
  • Existing strategies for preventing septic transfusion reactions have not achieved complete elimination.
  • Pathogen inactivation methods offer a promising alternative by targeting a broader range of contaminants.

Conclusions:

  • Despite advancements, bacterial contamination remains a significant threat to transfusion safety.
  • Pathogen inactivation technologies represent a paradigm shift, moving from specific screening to broad-spectrum decontamination.
  • These new methods are expected to substantially reduce the overall risk of transfusion-transmitted infections in the future.