Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Structure of Intermediate Filaments01:19

The Structure of Intermediate Filaments

4.0K
The intermediate filaments are one of three widely studied cytoskeletal filaments. They are so named as their diameter (10 nm) is in between that of microfilaments (7 nm) and the microtubules (25 nm).  These filaments are highly stable and can remain intact when exposed to high salt concentrations and detergents. These filaments are responsible for providing stability and mechanical support to the cells. They also help in cell adhesion and maintaining tissue integrity.
Intermediate...
4.0K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.0K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.0K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

777
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
777
Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

984
Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
984
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

62.2K
Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
62.2K
Types of Intermediate Filaments01:31

Types of Intermediate Filaments

3.7K
The intermediate filaments are an essential component of the cytoskeleton. Presently six types of intermediate filament have been identified. Type I and II are acidic and basic keratin proteins. Type III is of mesodermal origin and comprises four proteins: vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and peripherin. Vimentin is commonly found in mesenchymal cells, desmin in muscle cells, GFAP in astrocytes, while peripherin is found in peripheral nervous system neurons (PNS). Type...
3.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Noncanonical IRF3 function mediates STING-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages.

EMBO reports·2026
Same author

Stringent selection drives convergence toward omicron-like SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding motifs.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Electrostatic interactions constrain generalization of porous-media models for intracellular diffusion in mammalian cells.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

IRF1 is a context-dependent homeostatic gatekeeper of basal immunity and antiviral readiness.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026
Same author

Geometric Tuning of Cytokine Receptor Association Modulates Synthetic Agonist Signaling.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Effect of a distal attachment cuff on adenoma detection rate in screening colonoscopy: Randomized controlled trial in the Spanish population.

Endoscopy international open·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes
10:00

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes

Published on: March 24, 2015

13.4K

Structure-function of type I and III interferons.

Nicole A de Weerd1, Aleksandra K Kurowska2, Juan L Mendoza3

  • 1Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|April 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type I and type III interferons (IFNs) activate innate immunity via distinct receptor complexes. Structural and functional differences in these interferon receptor systems influence their biological responses, with variations observed between mouse and human systems.

More Related Videos

A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3
11:44

A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3

Published on: January 24, 2016

11.9K
Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-α
08:26

Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-α

Published on: June 14, 2018

12.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2025

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes
10:00

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes

Published on: March 24, 2015

13.4K
A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3
11:44

A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3

Published on: January 24, 2016

11.9K
Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-α
08:26

Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-α

Published on: June 14, 2018

12.0K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Type I and type III interferons (IFNs) are critical for innate immune response.
  • Both IFN types utilize distinct receptor chains (IFNAR1/IFNAR2 for Type I, IFNLR1/IL10R2 for Type III) forming ternary complexes.
  • Ligand binding triggers JAK1/TYK2 kinase activation, leading to downstream signaling and IFN-stimulated gene activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structure-function relationships of Type I and Type III interferon receptor systems.
  • To compare the structural assembly and functional implications of these systems between mouse and human.
  • To understand how structural differences contribute to variations in IFN tropism, activity tuning, and immune response induction.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of recent structural biology data on IFN receptor complexes.
  • Comparative analysis of mouse and human IFN receptor structures.
  • Functional implication assessment based on structural findings.

Main Results:

  • Detailed structural insights into the assembly of Type I and Type III IFN receptor complexes.
  • Identification of key structural differences between mouse and human systems.
  • Correlation of structural features with observed functional variations in IFN activity.

Conclusions:

  • Structural variations in interferon receptor complexes underpin differences in Type I and Type III IFN signaling.
  • Understanding these structure-function relationships is crucial for deciphering species-specific immune responses.
  • Recent structural progress offers in-depth understanding of IFN system mechanisms.