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Red filter meibography by smartphones in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction: a validity and reliability study
Gisela Haza Anissa1, Rina La Distia Nora2, Syska Widyawati2
1Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Kirana Eye Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia gisela.haza@gmail.com.
Objective:
The objective of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of the red filter meibography by smartphone compared with infrared in assessing meibomian gland drop-out.
Methods And Analysis:
An analytical cross-sectional study was done with a total of 35 subjects (68 eyes) with suspected MGD based on symptoms and lid morphological abnormalities. Meibomian glands were photographed using two smartphones (Samsung S9 and iPhone XR) on a slit-lamp with added red filter. Images were assessed subjectively using meiboscore by the two raters and drop-out percentages were assessed by ImageJ.
Results:
There was no agreement in meiboscore and a minimal level of agreement in drop-out percentages between red filter meibography and infrared. Inter-rater reliability showed no agreement between two raters. Intra-rater reliability demonstrated weak agreement in rater 1 and no agreement in rater 2.
Conclusion:
Validity of the red filter meibography technique by smartphones is not yet satisfactory in evaluating drop-out. Further improvement on qualities of images must be done and research on subjective assessment was deemed necessary due to poor results of intrarater and inter-rater reliability.
