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Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
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Predicting Depression in Parkinson's Disease Using Commonly Available PD Questionnaires.

Emanuele Camerucci1, Kelly E Lyons1, Rajesh Pahwa1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.

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Summary

Depression is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and linked to worse motor and non-motor symptoms. Regular assessment is crucial as it is often unrecognized and undertreated.

Keywords:
Parkinson’s diseaseUPDRSdepression

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Depression is a frequent comorbidity in Parkinson's disease (PD), significantly affecting patient and caregiver well-being.
  • The interplay between depression and various symptom assessments in PD requires thorough investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the associations between depression severity and commonly used PD patient questionnaires.
  • To determine the relationship between depression and motor, non-motor, cognitive, and quality of life symptoms in PD.

Main Methods:

  • 1214 PD patients were categorized into no, mild, and moderate-severe depression groups using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).
  • Data collected included Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Non-motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS), PD Quality of Life (PDQ-39), Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) score, levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD), and antidepressant use.

Main Results:

  • Increased depression scores correlated with worsened motor symptoms (UPDRS, H&Y), non-motor symptoms (NMSS), cognition (MoCA), sleepiness (ESS), and quality of life (PDQ-39) (all p < 0.001).
  • Only 50% of patients with mild to severe depression received antidepressants; LEDD increased with depression severity.
  • A 1-point increase in NMSS or PDQ-39 scores elevated depression risk by 16% and 5%, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Depression in PD is frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated.
  • Regular depression screening is recommended for PD patients, particularly those with evolving motor or non-motor symptoms.