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Sex-Specific Expression of Histone Lysine Demethylases (KDMs) in Thyroid Cancer

Leila Shobab1, Hui Zheng2, Kirk Jensen3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.

Cancers
|April 13, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Thyroid cancer shows sex-specific molecular differences. Sex-biased gene expression and histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) alterations in thyroid tumors may explain why women develop thyroid cancer more often.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Thyroid cancer incidence is significantly higher in women compared to men.
  • Understanding the molecular basis for these sex differences is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex-specific molecular alterations in thyroid cancer.
  • To characterize the expression of sex-biased genes in normal thyroid tissues and tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Ingenuity Pathway Analysis on Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data to identify sex-biased gene networks.
  • Performed real-time PCR and immunostaining to confirm the expression of histone lysine demethylases (KDMs).

Main Results:

  • Identified 44 sex-biased genes upregulated in males and 28 in females in normal thyroids.
  • Found that 51% of sex-biased genes showed altered expression in cancer tissues.
  • Observed sex-specific expression patterns for KDMs (KDM5C, KDM5D, KDM6A), with altered intracellular localization in tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Normal thyroids exhibit a distinct sex-specific molecular signature.
  • Thyroid cancer development involves differential expression of sex-biased genes.
  • Sex-specific KDM expression and altered localization in cancer may contribute to sex disparities in thyroid tumorigenesis.
Keywords:
KDMshistone lysine demethylasessex differencethyroid cancer

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