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Biomarkers for Pre-Treatment Risk Stratification of Prostate Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review.

José Pedro Sequeira1,2,3, Sofia Salta1,4, Rui Freitas1,5

  • 1Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/CI-IPOP @RISE (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.

Cancers
|April 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Liquid biopsies show promise for prostate cancer (PCa) risk stratification. Further standardization is needed before these circulating biomarkers can replace traditional methods for assessing PCa risk.

Keywords:
biomarkersliquid biopsyprostatic neoplasmsrisk assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Diagnostic Tools

Background:

  • Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignancy with a significant proportion of unfavorable outcomes.
  • Current risk stratification relies on Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), Gleason score, and T stage, which have limitations in specificity and subjectivity.
  • Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of low-risk PCa are concerns with current screening methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the clinical potential and analytical performance of liquid biopsy-based biomarkers for pre-treatment risk stratification of PCa patients.
  • To identify effective and specific minimally invasive tools for PCa risk assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of studies from PubMed, Scopus, and MedLine assessing pre-treatment PCa risk.
  • Analysis of PCa risk biomarkers and quality assessment using the QUADAS-2 tool.

Main Results:

  • The review included 24 full-text articles, predominantly case-control studies.
  • Urine-based biomarkers and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were the most reported methods.
  • Risk group categorization was heterogeneous, often relying on the Gleason score.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating biomarkers hold substantial clinical promise for PCa risk assessment.
  • Standardization of groups, categories, and biomarker validation is crucial for clinical implementation.
  • Liquid biopsies offer a potential alternative to tissue biopsies, enabling faster, cost-effective, and more reproducible testing.