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Shape and Texture of Coarse Aggregate

Shape and Texture of Coarse Aggregate

Aggregate shape is classified based on the relative sharpness or roundness of the edges and corners. This classification includes categories like rounded, angular, elongated, and flaky, each with specific characteristics. Rounded aggregates, fully shaped by attrition, are typical of river or seashore gravel, while angular aggregates, such as crushed rock, have well-defined edges. Aggregates that are elongated and flaky are less desirable, as they can reduce the workability and strength of...

Design Example: Aggregate Gradation

Design Example: Aggregate Gradation

The right type and quality of aggregates are crucial for concrete as they significantly influence its properties, mix proportions, and cost-effectiveness. If different sources are available for sand, the commonly used fine aggregate in concrete, the selection of sand is primarily based on its gradation.
The grading, or particle-size distribution, of sand is determined using sieve analysis, with standard sizes ranging from 150 μm to 10 mm (ASTM No. 100 sieve to 3⁄8 in. sieve). Sand is...

Bonding and Strength of Aggregate

Bonding and Strength of Aggregate

The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...

Aggregate Cement Ratio

Aggregate Cement Ratio

The Aggregate Cement ratio refers to the weight of aggregate divided by the weight of cement in a concrete mix. Altering this ratio has profound effects on the concrete's properties. This ratio plays a pivotal role in determining the strength, workability, and durability of concrete. When the Aggregate Cement ratio is higher, the mix is leaner, meaning it has less cement paste to lubricate the aggregate, potentially making the concrete less workable. Such mixes, known as lean, enhance the...

Factors Affecting Workability

Factors Affecting Workability

The workability of concrete is a critical characteristic that influences the ease of mixing, handling, and finishing the concrete. It is affected by several factors including water content, aggregate properties, and admixtures like air entrainment. Water plays a fundamental role as it lubricates the concrete mix, facilitating easier movement and placement. However, the water requirement varies depending on the texture and shape of aggregates. Finer particles and angular, rough-textured...

Maximum Size of Aggregate

Maximum Size of Aggregate

The maximum size of aggregate is defined as the aperture of the sieve retaining 15 percent or more of the particles present in the aggregate sample. The aggregate's maximum size impacts the concrete's water requirement, workability, and strength. Larger aggregates reduce the surface area needing cement paste coverage, which can lower water needs, thereby allowing a decrease in the water-to-cement ratio when the desired workability and richness of the mix are to be maintained, which can...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone ITZ

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone ITZ

Published on: December 16, 2019

Numerical Study on the Effect of Coarse Aggregate Shape during Concrete Mixing Process.

Jianjun Shen¹, Binqiang Wang¹, Jingru Hou¹

¹Key Laboratory of Road Construction Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|April 13, 2024

Summary

Coarse aggregate shape significantly impacts concrete performance and mixing. Spherical aggregates yield the best mortar mix, while ellipsoidal ones perform the worst, influencing concrete production strategies.

Keywords:

coarse aggregate shape concrete mixing discrete element mixing mechanism

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Three-Dimensional Particle Shape Analysis Using X-ray Computed Tomography: Experimental Procedure and Analysis Algorithms for Metal Powders

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Civil Engineering
Computational Mechanics

Background:

Coarse aggregate shape is a critical factor influencing concrete performance and the mixing process.
Understanding aggregate motion is key to optimizing concrete production.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of coarse aggregate shape on the mixing behavior with mortar.
To analyze the motion dynamics of different aggregate shapes within a dual horizontal axis mixer.

Main Methods:

Utilized discrete element software (EDEM) to simulate the motion of four typical coarse aggregates and mortar.
Analyzed mixing dynamics using indicators such as average velocity, contact rate, and dispersion coefficient.

Main Results:

Spherical coarse aggregates exhibited the highest average speed during mixing.
Flat aggregates showed the highest vertical velocity, while ellipsoidal aggregates had the lowest.
Spherical aggregates demonstrated the most effective mixing with mortar, whereas ellipsoidal aggregates mixed the least effectively.

Conclusions:

Aggregate shape demonstrably affects mixing efficiency and mortar interaction.
Simulation results provide insights for developing strategies to optimize concrete mixing processes based on aggregate characteristics.