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Related Concept Videos

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
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Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Site Specific Lysine Acetylation of Histones for Nucleosome Reconstitution using Genetic Code Expansion in Escherichia coli
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Site Specific Lysine Acetylation of Histones for Nucleosome Reconstitution using Genetic Code Expansion in Escherichia coli

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Reprogramming Chromosome Ends by Functional Histone Acetylation.

W Alex Meltzer1, Aditi Gupta1, Phyo Nay Lin1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gene ZSCAN4 helps cancer cells avoid aging by maintaining telomeres, which are protective caps on chromosomes. This discovery offers new ways to target cancer stem cells and control cell lifespan.

Keywords:
CRISPRZSCAN4cancerepigeneticshistone acetylationnext-gen sequencingover-expressionpluripotencystem cellstelomeres

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Telomeres shorten with cell division, acting as a limit to cell replication.
  • Cancer cells must bypass this limit by activating telomere repair mechanisms.
  • ZSCAN4 is transiently expressed in mouse embryonic stem cells, correlating with telomere extension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of human ZSCAN4 in telomere maintenance and cancer stem cell biology.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which ZSCAN4 influences telomere chromatin.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized next-generation sequencing to identify ZSCAN4 enrichment at telomere chromatin.
  • Employed CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to knock out ZSCAN4.
  • Assessed histone H3 acetylation and telomere length changes in response to ZSCAN4 manipulation.

Main Results:

  • ZSCAN4 was found to facilitate histone H3 acetylation at telomere chromatin in human cells.
  • ZSCAN4 enrichment at telomeres correlated with increased histone H3 acetylation and telomere elongation.
  • CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of ZSCAN4 resulted in reduced H3 acetylation and telomere shortening.

Conclusions:

  • ZSCAN4 plays a significant role in telomere chromatin remodeling.
  • ZSCAN4 links cellular 'stemness' properties with telomere maintenance.
  • Targeting ZSCAN4 presents a potential therapeutic strategy for modulating cancer cell and stem cell replicative lifespan.