Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics BM-PROMA
Published on: August 28, 2021
The development of number line estimation in children at risk of mathematics learning difficulties: A longitudinal
Carola Ruiz1, Saskia Kohnen2, David Muñez3
1School of Education, Centre for Research in Numeracy Development and Learning, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Departamento de Neurociencia y Aprendizaje, Universidad Católica del Uruguay, 11600 Montevideo, Departamento de Montevideo, Uruguay.
Abstract:
Children with mathematics learning difficulties (MLD) show poorer performance on the number line task, but how performance on this task relates to other mathematical skills is unclear. This study examined the association between performance on the number line task and mathematical skills during the first 2 years of school for children at risk of MLD. Children (N = 100; Mage = 83.63 months) were assessed on four occasions on the number line task and other mathematical skills (math fluency, numerical operations, and mathematical reasoning). Estimation patterns were analyzed based on the representational shift and proportional judgment accounts separately. More consistent longitudinal trends and stronger evidence for differences in mathematical skills based on estimation patterns were found within the representational shift account. Latent growth curve models showed accuracy on the number line task as a predictor of growth in some mathematical skills assessed. We discuss impacts of methodological limitations on the study of estimation patterns.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
A significant cognitive milestone in the...
Learning Disabilities
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Binet's Contribution to Measures of Intelligence
Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development
Information Processing Approach

