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Isolated Hydronephrosis and Urinary Tract Infection by Two Years of Age: A Population-Based Study
Gilad Hamdani1, Noga Yaniv2, Shoval Shoham2
1Nephrology Institute, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel.
The Journal of Pediatrics
|April 13, 2024
Summary
Infants with isolated hydronephrosis (IH) face a significantly higher risk of urinary tract infections (UTI) within their first two years. This finding underscores the need for vigilant monitoring and prompt diagnosis of UTI in infants diagnosed with IH.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Urology
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology
Background:
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in infants.
- Isolated hydronephrosis (IH) is a congenital condition affecting the kidneys.
- The association between IH and UTI risk requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the risk of developing a urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants diagnosed with isolated hydronephrosis (IH).
Main Methods:
- A retrospective, population-based cohort study was conducted.
- Infants were categorized into control, IH, and complicated urological diagnosis (CUD) groups.
- The primary endpoint was UTI diagnosis within the first two years of life.
Main Results:
- Infants with IH showed a significantly higher UTI incidence (17%) compared to controls (4%).
- Both IH (OR 7.04) and CUD (OR 14.9) were independently associated with increased UTI risk.
- Male infants with IH had a higher UTI risk than female controls.
Conclusions:
- Infants with isolated hydronephrosis exhibit an elevated risk for UTIs in early childhood.
- A high index of suspicion for UTI is recommended in infants with IH.
- These findings support enhanced surveillance for UTIs in this pediatric population.
