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Related Concept Videos

Heart Sounds01:15

Heart Sounds

1.9K
Heart sounds are generated by the turbulence in blood flow due to the closing of heart valves. These sounds are best perceived slightly away from the valves, where the blood flow disseminates the sound.
Auscultation is the process of listening to these internal body sounds using a stethoscope. The heart produces four types of sounds, but only two—S1 and S2—can usually be heard with a stethoscope.
S1, also known as the "lub" sound, is caused by the closure of atrioventricular (A-V)...
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Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

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The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
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Pulse01:16

Pulse

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When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical...
508
Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

Factors Influencing Heart Rate

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The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
Let us explore the significant factors affecting heart rate, including age, body temperature, posture, acute pain, chemical influences,...
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System IV: Auscultation01:25

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System IV: Auscultation

317
Cardiac auscultation is a clinical skill used to assess heart function and detect abnormalities. It involves listening to heart sounds at specific anatomical locations through a stethoscope.
Normal Heart Sounds
S1 (First Heart Sound)-
S1 is made by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves (atrioventricular valves), marking the beginning of systole.
S2 (Second Heart Sound)-
S2 is made by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves (semilunar valves), marking the end of the systole.
317
Equipments Used To Measure Blood Pressure01:30

Equipments Used To Measure Blood Pressure

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Direct Method
This invasive approach involves cannulating a peripheral artery. During each cardiac contraction, pressure generates mechanical motion within the catheter, transmitted through rigid, fluid-filled tubing to a transducer. This transducer converts mechanical motion into electrical signals displayed as waveforms on a monitor. An automatic flushing system prevents blood backflow. Due to the potential risk of unexpected arterial blood loss, this method is primarily used in intensive...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Quantification of Mouse Heart Left Ventricular Function, Myocardial Strain, and Hemodynamic Forces by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Quantification of Mouse Heart Left Ventricular Function, Myocardial Strain, and Hemodynamic Forces by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Correlations between heart sound components and hemodynamic variables.

Yong-Seok Park1, Hyun-Seok Kim2, Seung-Ah Lee3

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Brain Korea 21 Project, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.

Scientific Reports
|April 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heart sound amplitude (S1amp) changes correlate with cardiac contractility variations, offering a potential non-invasive method for monitoring hemodynamic changes during anesthesia.

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High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Esophageal stethoscopes are used for continuous auscultation during general anesthesia.
  • Phonocardiographic data has been underexplored as a continuous hemodynamic index.
  • Understanding heart sound variations is crucial for hemodynamic monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between heart sounds and hemodynamic variables.
  • To determine if phonocardiographic data can serve as a continuous hemodynamic index.
  • To differentiate causes of hemodynamic variations using heart sounds.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental animal study in anesthetized pigs.
  • Induction of hemodynamic variations via dobutamine, esmolol, phenylephrine, and nicardipine.
  • Reduction of cardiac output by restricting venous return through inferior vena cava (IVC) clamping.

Main Results:

  • Significant correlations found between S1 amplitude changes (ΔS1amp) and systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP), pulse pressure (ΔPP), and ΔdP/dt during dobutamine and esmolol administration.
  • S1 amplitude changes correlated with alterations in cardiac contractility.
  • No significant correlation was observed between S1 amplitude changes and variations in vascular resistance or heart rate changes induced by phenylephrine and nicardipine.

Conclusions:

  • Heart sound S1 amplitude is significantly correlated with hemodynamic changes due to altered cardiac contractility.
  • Phonocardiographic data, specifically S1 amplitude, shows potential as a non-invasive method to monitor and differentiate causes of hemodynamic variations.
  • Further research may establish heart sounds as a valuable tool in continuous hemodynamic monitoring during anesthesia.