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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

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Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
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Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors
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Novel Topical Treatments for Itch.

Rami H Mahmoud1, Omar Mahmoud1, Georgia Biazus Soares1

  • 1Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 5555 Ponce de Leon, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.

Dermatology and Therapy
|April 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary

New topical itch treatments show promise for managing chronic conditions and improving patient quality of life. Further research is needed to compare these novel therapies, including Janus kinase inhibitors and topical cannabinoids, for broader application.

Keywords:
ItchNewPruritusTopicalTreatment

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Related Experiment Videos

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience and Immunology

Background:

  • Itch (pruritus) significantly impacts patient quality of life and causes suffering.
  • Topical therapies are crucial for managing skin and systemic diseases with fewer systemic side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging topical medications for itch management.
  • To highlight novel treatments targeting skin, immune, and neural pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of new topical therapies.
  • Analysis of medications including Janus kinase inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, transient receptor vanilloid inhibitors, topical cannabinoids, and topical acetaminophen.

Main Results:

  • Several new topical agents demonstrate promising efficacy in Phase 2-3 clinical trials.
  • These therapies target diverse mechanisms involved in itch signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Emerging topical treatments offer new avenues for managing itch.
  • Head-to-head comparative studies and broader efficacy testing are essential for future clinical practice.