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Informed consent in clinical practice: Old problems, new challenges.

Isaac Ks Ng1,2

  • 1Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.

The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
|April 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Informed consent ensures patient autonomy and shared decision-making. Challenges like low health literacy, cognitive impairment, and AI in healthcare require practical solutions to uphold ethical standards in clinical practice.

Keywords:
artificial intelligenceautonomyhealth literacyinformed consentpsychiatric illness

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Ethics
  • Clinical Law
  • Health Informatics

Background:

  • Informed consent is crucial for patient autonomy and shared decision-making in clinical practice.
  • Failure to obtain valid consent can lead to medical negligence with legal and professional consequences.
  • Valid consent requires mental capacity, adequate information disclosure, and voluntariness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and discuss key challenges to achieving optimal informed consent in clinical settings.
  • To explore patient literacy, sociocultural factors, cognitive impairments, and AI as barriers to informed consent.
  • To propose practical strategies for mitigating these challenges and improving informed consent processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and discussion of ethical and legal principles of informed consent.
  • Analysis of patient-related factors (literacy, cognitive status) and systemic factors (AI) impacting consent.
  • Synthesis of practical recommendations for enhancing informed consent.

Main Results:

  • Patient literacy, sociocultural factors, psychiatric illnesses, cognitive impairment in elderly patients, and AI present significant challenges to informed consent.
  • These barriers can impede a patient's ability to comprehend, retain, weigh information, and make voluntary decisions.
  • Existing standards for consent may be difficult to apply in complex clinical scenarios involving vulnerable populations or new technologies.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing challenges in informed consent requires a multi-faceted approach considering patient, contextual, and systemic factors.
  • Developing targeted strategies for health literacy, cognitive support, and ethical AI integration is essential.
  • Upholding the ethical and legal standards of informed consent is paramount for patient-centered care and medical practice.