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Updated: Jun 28, 2025
Accurate Determination of the Equilibrium Surface Tension Values with Area Perturbation Tests
Published on: August 30, 2019
Importance of the Electrostatic Correlations in Surface Tension of Hydrated Reline Deep Eutectic Solvent from
Jean-Baptiste Cuvellier1, Jean-Michel Andanson2, Karine Ballerat-Busserolles2
1Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)─UMR 6251, Rennes F-35000, France.
Abstract:
In this study, the surface tension and the structure of hydrated reline are investigated by using diverse methods. Initially, the surface tension displays a nonlinear pattern as water content increases, decreasing until reaching 45 wt %, then gradually matching that of pure water. This fluctuation is associated with strong electrostatic correlations present in pure reline, which decrease as more water is added. Changes in surface tension reflect a shift from charge layering in pure reline to an increased interfacial hydrogen bonding as the water content rises. This shift causes the segregation of urea molecules into the bulk phase and a gradual anchoring of water molecules to the air-reline interface. An interesting observation is the antisurfactant effect, where heightened interfacial anchoring results in an unexpected increase in real contribution of surface tension. This, along with weakened electrostatic correlations beyond 45 wt % due to reinforced interfacial hydrogen bonding, contributes to the complex behavior of surface tension observed in this study.
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