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Herpes simplex keratitis: A brief clinical overview.

Mutali Musa1,2, Ehimare Enaholo2,3, Gladness Aluyi-Osa2

  • 1Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin 300283, Nigeria.

World Journal of Virology
|April 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is a recurrent corneal infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). Effective management requires addressing acute episodes and implementing long-term strategies to prevent vision loss.

Keywords:
AcyclovirHerpes simplex keratitisHerpes simplex virusNeurotizationReactivation

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is a viral infection of the cornea caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV).
  • HSV establishes latency in the trigeminal ganglion, leading to potential recurrent episodes of ocular inflammation and corneal damage.
  • Recurrent HSK can cause significant corneal scarring, potentially leading to vision impairment or blindness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis, clinical presentations, and management of herpes simplex keratitis (HSK).
  • To review current literature on treatment options and long-term strategies for preventing HSK recurrences.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding HSK triggers and implementing preventative measures.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of diagnostic criteria, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic interventions for HSK.
  • Analysis of current treatment guidelines and prophylactic strategies for managing recurrent herpes simplex keratitis.
  • Discussion of the role of antiviral medications and immune responses in HSK pathogenesis and management.

Main Results:

  • HSK presents with diverse clinical patterns, from epithelial to stromal disease, with varying recurrence frequencies.
  • Severe HSK can lead to corneal scarring, compromising visual acuity and potentially causing blindness.
  • Long-term management strategies, including antiviral prophylaxis and neurotization for nerve repair, are crucial for preventing recurrences and preserving vision.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of HSK necessitates a dual approach: treating acute inflammatory episodes and implementing long-term strategies to prevent viral reactivation.
  • Understanding triggers for HSV reactivation is vital for clinicians to advise patients on minimizing recurrence risks.
  • Comprehensive care for HSK aims to preserve corneal health and maintain optimal visual function throughout the patient's life.