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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Troponins
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
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Serum Biochemical Markers for Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: An Update.

Shuzhou Liu1, Hao Zhao2, Xiaoyi Li2

  • 1Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, People's Republic of China.

Cancer Management and Research
|April 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Serum biomarkers like calcitonin (Ctn) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are crucial for diagnosing and managing medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Procalcitonin (PCT) shows promise, and CA19-9 can indicate poor prognosis in advanced MTC.

Keywords:
calcitonincarcinoembryonic antigenmedullary thyroid carcinomaprocalcitoninserum biochemical markers

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare endocrine malignancy.
  • Early diagnosis and effective management are critical for patient outcomes.
  • Serum biomarkers play a key role in MTC diagnosis and monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and evaluate the utility of serum biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up of MTC.
  • To identify the most significant biomarkers for MTC management.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search of PubMed was conducted.
  • The search covered English-language articles published from 1975 to 2022.
  • Articles focused on serum biomarkers in medullary thyroid carcinoma were identified and reviewed.

Main Results:

  • Calcitonin (Ctn) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are established key serum biomarkers for MTC diagnosis and management.
  • Procalcitonin (PCT) demonstrates potential as a stable MTC marker, unaffected by inflammation.
  • CA19-9 can serve as a prognostic indicator for advanced MTC, despite a lower positive rate.

Conclusions:

  • Serum biomarkers, especially Ctn and CEA, are vital for MTC diagnosis and management.
  • PCT shows promise as a potential diagnostic marker, and CA19-9 is valuable for prognosis in advanced cases.
  • Further research is needed to validate MTC biomarkers and understand confounding factors. These markers should be considered in clinical practice for MTC diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up.