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Related Concept Videos

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Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs)

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Microtubule function and architecture are regulated by an array of specialized proteins called microtubule-associated proteins or MAPs. These proteins are widespread across different organisms and have conserved protein motifs, like the multi-TOG domain for tubulin binding found in the CLASP family of MAPs. Some MAPs are lineage-specific based on their conserved domains. Their functions depend upon the cytoskeletal architecture and cell type they are located within. In-plant cells, a specific...
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Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated...
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The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
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The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
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Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes
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Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

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A disease-associated PPP2R3C-MAP3K1 phospho-regulatory module controls centrosome function.

Anil Kumar Ganga1, Lauren K Sweeney1, Armando Rubio Ramos2

  • 1Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|April 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

PPP2R3C, a phosphatase, counteracts MAP3K1 kinase activity at the centrosome. Imbalanced activity of this pair causes gonadal dysgenesis, revealing a new regulatory module.

Keywords:
CentriolePP2Acentrosomeciliafunctional genomicsgonadal dysgenesiskinasephosphatase

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Centrosomes are crucial for microtubule organization and cell signaling.
  • Mechanisms regulating centrosome function and their link to disease are not fully understood.

Approach:

  • Functional genomic analyses identified PPP2R3C as a distal centriole protein.
  • Investigated PPP2R3C's interaction with CEP350 and FOP.
  • Examined PPP2R3C's role in counteracting MAP3K1 kinase activity.

Key Points:

  • PPP2R3C, a PP2A phosphatase subunit, interacts with centriolar proteins CEP350 and FOP.
  • PPP2R3C counteracts MAP3K1 kinase activity, opposing JNK signaling.
  • MAP3K1 overexpression disrupts centrosome function and centriole integrity.

Conclusions:

  • Imbalanced activity between the centrosomal kinase MAP3K1 and phosphatase PPP2R3C causes gonadal dysgenesis syndromes.
  • Identified a novel centrosomal phospho-regulatory module involving PPP2R3C and MAP3K1.
  • Highlights the utility of systems genetics in uncovering gene functions and disease mechanisms.