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Related Concept Videos

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

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Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
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Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

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Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
293
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution01:27

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution

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The pharmacokinetic journey of drugs from solid oral dosage forms into systemic circulation is multifaceted. It begins with disintegration, a prerequisite ensuring a solid dosage form's subdivision into minute particles. Dissolution occurs next as these granulated entities solubilize in gastrointestinal fluids. This solubilization is crucial for the succeeding stage, permeation, which describes the traversal of the drug across the intestinal membrane and its subsequent entry into the blood...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
202
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

826
Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
826
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

133
Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Spectroscopic Monitoring and Modeling Drug Dissolution for Undergraduate Chemistry Curriculum.

Chengxuan Guo1, Nicole Wendel1, Ally Lee2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States.

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Summary

This study introduces a new undergraduate laboratory experiment for pharmaceutical sciences, focusing on drug dissolution testing. Students build apparatus, collect data, and analyze dissolution kinetics, enhancing practical skills in pharmaceutical analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • The pharmaceutical industry is a major employer of chemists, necessitating pharmaceutical sciences content in undergraduate chemistry curricula.
  • Drug dissolution testing is critical for solid oral dosage forms in pharmaceutical development, impacting formulation, manufacturing consistency, and in vivo absorption prediction.
  • Existing undergraduate laboratory experiments for dissolution testing are limited, creating a gap in practical training for future pharmaceutical scientists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a hands-on laboratory protocol for undergraduate chemistry students to gain experience in drug dissolution testing.
  • To enable students to build a dissolution apparatus, monitor dissolution, model kinetic parameters, and assess dissolution curve consistency.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a cost-effective dissolution apparatus suitable for undergraduate laboratories.
  • Implementation of a protocol involving dissolution curve collection and kinetic parameter extraction using nonlinear least-squares fitting.
  • Evaluation of dissolution curve consistency against Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulated methods.

Main Results:

  • Students successfully collected dissolution curves and performed kinetic modeling analysis.
  • The developed protocol demonstrated consistency and reproducibility in dissolution testing.
  • The experiment provides practical experience in a key pharmaceutical analytical task.

Conclusions:

  • The designed dissolution testing protocol is suitable for implementation in undergraduate chemistry laboratory courses.
  • This experiment effectively bridges the gap between academic learning and industrial pharmaceutical practices.
  • The protocol equips students with essential skills for pharmaceutical analysis and drug development.