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Related Concept Videos

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

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Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
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Energetics of Solution Formation02:35

Energetics of Solution Formation

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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent...
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Solvents01:12

Solvents

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
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Solution Formation02:16

Solution Formation

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There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
This selective...
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Physical Properties of Ethers02:17

Physical Properties of Ethers

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Overview
An ether molecule has a net dipole moment due to the polarity of C–O bonds. Subsequently, boiling points of ethers are lower than those of alcohols of comparable molecular weight and slightly higher than those of hydrocarbons of comparable molecular weight (Table 1).
Ethers can act as hydrogen bond acceptors, making them more water-soluble than hydrocarbons, but since ethers cannot act as hydrogen bond donors, they are much less soluble in water than alcohols. Ethers are considered...
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Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation03:12

Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation

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Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
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Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
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Deep eutectic solvents: Preparation, properties, and food applications.

Taru Negi1, Anil Kumar1, Satish Kumar Sharma1

  • 1Department of Food Science and Technology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India.

Heliyon
|April 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) offer an eco-friendly alternative to traditional solvents for extracting bioactive compounds from diverse natural sources. Their applications extend to detecting contaminants and purifying substances, with significant potential in the food industry.

Keywords:
Eutectic solventsExtractionFood bioactivesPhysicochemical propertiesSafety regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Solvent Technology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are emerging as sustainable alternatives to conventional solvents.
  • DESs exhibit favorable properties like low toxicity, biodegradability, and reduced volatility.
  • Their synthesis typically involves simple heating and stirring methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of DES applications in extracting bioactive compounds from various natural products.
  • To explore the use of DESs in detecting contaminants and purifying valuable substances.
  • To discuss methodologies for separating bioactive compounds and examine safety regulations for DESs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the application of DESs in extraction and purification processes.
  • Systematic examination of methodologies for separating bioactive compounds from DES extracts.
  • Analysis of physicochemical properties influencing DES performance.

Main Results:

  • DESs are effectively utilized for extracting bioactive compounds from fruits, vegetables, cereals, pulses, spices, herbs, plantation crops, oil seeds, medicinal plants, seaweed, and milk.
  • Applications include pesticide determination, heavy metal removal, antibiotic purification, and packaging film preparation.
  • Extensive use of DES-based extracts in cosmetics suggests significant untapped potential in the food industry.

Conclusions:

  • DESs represent a versatile and eco-benign solvent class with broad applicability in natural product extraction and purification.
  • Further research into DES applications in the food industry is warranted, leveraging their safety and efficacy.
  • DESs hold promise for developing sustainable processes in various scientific and industrial sectors.