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Generative Artificial Intelligence Performs at a Second-Year Orthopedic Resident Level.

Zachary C Lum^1,2, Dylon P Collins³, Stanley Dennison³

¹Orthopedic Surgery, University of California (UC) Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, USA.

|April 15, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Google BARD and ChatGPT show potential in orthopedic surgery, with BARD outperforming ChatGPT overall. While AI excels in recall, further development is needed for application-based knowledge and board certification.

Keywords:

chatgpt generative artificial intelligence google bard oite orthopaedic surgery

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Area of Science:

Artificial intelligence in medical education
Large language models in surgery
AI performance evaluation

Background:

AI models like ChatGPT and BARD are increasingly used for information processing.
Evaluating AI competency is crucial to prevent errors, biases, and misinformation in healthcare.
Orthopedic surgery requires rigorous knowledge assessment, making AI evaluation relevant.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the performance of ChatGPT and Google BARD in orthopedic surgery.
To evaluate AI performance across different question types and sub-specialties.
To compare AI performance against orthopedic residents' examination results.

Main Methods:

Administered 757 Orthopedic In-Training Examination (OITE) questions to ChatGPT and BARD.
Excluded image-based questions, resulting in 390 multiple-choice questions.
Categorized questions by 10 sub-specialties and 3 taxonomy classes (recall, interpretation, application).
Statistically analyzed AI performance and compared it to orthopedic resident data by postgraduate year (PGY).

Main Results:

Google BARD achieved a higher overall correct answer rate (58%) than ChatGPT (54%).
Both AIs performed better on recall questions than application-based knowledge questions.
AI performance ranked between the 42nd-96th percentile for PGY1s and 1st-17th for PGY5s, indicating a gap compared to senior residents.

Conclusions:

Google BARD demonstrated superior performance compared to ChatGPT in orthopedic surgery knowledge.
AI tools show promise as learning aids, particularly for recall-based knowledge in orthopedics.
Current AI performance, while comparable to early-stage residents, does not meet the standard for board certification.