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Acute Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis in a Pediatric Population: A Five-Year Retrospective Study
Prayes Bajracharya1, Ashish Khadgi2, Sugandha Shrestha3
1Department of Pediatrics, Buddha International Hospital, Ghorahi, NPL.
Cureus
|April 15, 2024
Summary
Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is common in children in the Philippines, with edema and hypertension as frequent symptoms. Early management ensures a good prognosis, with no mortality observed in this study.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is a significant kidney disease following streptococcal infections, prevalent in developing nations.
- Characterized by edema, hematuria, proteinuria, and hypertension, APSGN necessitates understanding its pediatric impact.
- This study addresses the high hospitalization rates and clinical profiles of APSGN in a vulnerable pediatric population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the demographic distribution, clinical presentation, complications, and outcomes of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) in children.
- To provide insights into the management and prognosis of APSGN within a tertiary hospital setting in the Philippines.
- To contribute to the understanding of APSGN epidemiology in a key regional context.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective descriptive study of pediatric patients (under 18) diagnosed with APSGN over a five-year period.
- Involved detailed clinical history, physical examination, and close monitoring during treatment and disease progression.
- Utilized KUB ultrasound and laboratory tests including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, albumin, and hemoglobin levels.
Main Results:
- Seventy-seven children with APSGN were analyzed, with a mean age of 7.8 years.
- Edema (68.8%), hypertension (70.1%), and gross hematuria (31.1%) were common presenting features.
- Complications included acute kidney injury (63.6%), pleural effusion (3.8%), and hypertensive encephalopathy (2.5%); no mortality was recorded.
Conclusions:
- APSGN is a prevalent cause of glomerulonephritis in the region, with characteristic clinical manifestations.
- Prompt identification, comprehensive monitoring, and timely management are crucial for preventing severe outcomes.
- The study highlights a generally good prognosis for pediatric APSGN with appropriate early treatment.
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