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The Cochlea

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Optogenetic Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve

Optogenetic Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve

Published on: October 8, 2014

Hearing Performance in Cochlear Implant Users Who Have Facial Nerve Stimulation.

Larissa Veloso Rocha¹, Maria Valéria Schmidt Goffi-Gomez¹, Ana Cristina Hoshino¹

¹Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology

|April 15, 2024

Summary

Facial nerve stimulation (FNS) in cochlear implant (CI) users can stem from cochlear issues. Management strategies like adjusting stimulation levels can help, but speech perception outcomes vary significantly.

Keywords:

cochlear implantation facial nerve hearing loss rehabilitation

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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

Area of Science:

Otolaryngology
Neurosurgery
Audiology

Background:

Facial nerve stimulation (FNS) is a complication of cochlear implants (CI) where electrical currents affect the facial nerve.
Management of FNS can compromise cochlear implant fitting and speech perception.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify the causes of FNS in CI users.
To review FNS management strategies.
To evaluate the impact of FNS on speech recognition.

Main Methods:

Retrospective study of CI patients with FNS.
Data collected included CI details, FNS onset, management actions, and speech recognition.
Analysis of 7 children and 25 adults.

Main Results:

Common FNS etiologies include cochlear malformations, head trauma, meningitis, and otosclerosis.
Management involved reducing stimulation levels or deactivating electrodes.
Speech recognition in quiet decreased from 86% to 80% post-FNS, with wide variability in noise.

Conclusions:

FNS is often linked to cochlear structural abnormalities.
Speech processor programming can resolve FNS, but predicting individual speech recognition outcomes remains challenging due to multifactorial influences.