Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 28, 2025
08:41
Assessment of Vascular Tone Responsiveness using Isolated Mesenteric Arteries with a Focus on Modulation by Perivascular Adipose Tissues
Published on: June 3, 2019
9.8K
The vascular footprint in cardiac homeostasis and hypertensive heart disease-A link between apelin receptor, vascular
Alexandar Iliev1, Lyubomir Gaydarski1, Georgi Kotov2
1Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
|April 15, 2024
Summary
Disturbances in the apelin system, vascular endothelial growth factor, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase are linked to hypertensive heart disease. These molecules play a role in cardiac homeostasis and may offer therapeutic targets.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Biology
- Molecular Cardiology
- Hypertensive Heart Disease Research
Background:
- The apelin system, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) are implicated in cardiac function and pathology.
- Hypertensive heart disease involves complex molecular changes affecting cardiac homeostasis and vascular tone.
- Understanding the interplay of these molecules is crucial for addressing cardiovascular diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the interactions between the apelin receptor, VEGF, and nNOS in the context of hypertensive heart disease progression.
- To analyze changes in the expression and localization of these signaling molecules in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
- To correlate molecular changes with indicators of cardiac hypertrophy and vascularization.
Main Methods:
- Utilized spontaneously hypertensive rats and age-matched Wistar rats as experimental models.
- Employed immunohistochemistry to assess the expression of apelin receptor, VEGF, and nNOS.
- Quantified cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and capillary density to evaluate cardiac hypertrophy and angiogenesis.
Main Results:
- Immunoreactivity for apelin receptor, VEGF, and nNOS was elevated in the ventricles of hypertensive rats compared to controls.
- Capillary density was significantly reduced in both ventricles of hypertensive rats.
- Cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area was significantly increased in the ventricles of hypertensive rats, indicating hypertrophy.
Conclusions:
- A potential link exists between the apelin receptor, VEGF, and nNOS in maintaining cardiac homeostasis within the hypertensive myocardium.
- Alterations in these signaling pathways are associated with cardiac hypertrophy and reduced vascularization in hypertension.
- Further research is warranted to elucidate the therapeutic potential of targeting these interactions in hypertensive heart disease.
Keywords:
agingapelin receptor (APLNR)hypertensionmyocardiumneuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF‐A)More Related Videos
09:08Precision Cut Lung Slices as an Efficient Tool for Ex vivo Pulmonary Vessel Structure and Contractility Studies
Published on: May 24, 2021
5.8K
07:41A Model of Reverse Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease by Aortic Debanding in Rats
Published on: March 1, 2022
2.9K
Related Concept Videos
01:24Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply
2.6K
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
2.6K
01:17Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure
2.6K
Endocrinal or hormonal intervention in the cardiovascular system is predominantly exerted by the catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as a slew of hormones that interact with renal function to modulate blood volume.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, catecholamines that enhance and extend the sympathetic or "fight or flight" physiological response. These hormones escalate heart rate and the force of contraction...
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, catecholamines that enhance and extend the sympathetic or "fight or flight" physiological response. These hormones escalate heart rate and the force of contraction...
2.6K
01:17Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
1.6K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
1.6K
01:17Autoregulation of Blood Flow
2.3K
Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
Chemical signaling operates at the precapillary sphincter level, inciting either contraction or relaxation....
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
Chemical signaling operates at the precapillary sphincter level, inciting either contraction or relaxation....
2.3K
01:29Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance
645
Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
645
01:18Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure
2.1K
Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
2.1K