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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Visualizing Angiogenesis by Multiphoton Microscopy In Vivo in Genetically Modified 3D-PLGA/nHAp Scaffold for Calvarial Critical Bone Defect Repair
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Reconstructing Critical-Sized Mandibular Defects in a Rabbit Model: Enhancing Angiogenesis and Facilitating Bone

Seyyed Sajad Daneshi1, Lobat Tayebi2, Tahereh Talaei-Khozani3

  • 1Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348, Iran.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|April 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel 3D-printed scaffold combining nanohydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, collagen, and human dental pulp stem cells significantly enhances bone regeneration. This engineered construct promotes osteogenesis and angiogenesis in critical-sized defects.

Keywords:
mandibular defectsmesenchymal stem cellsosteogenesisscaffold designtissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Critical-sized bone defects pose significant clinical challenges.
  • Current regenerative strategies often lack sufficient osteoinductive and angiogenic potential.
  • 3D-printed scaffolds offer tailored structures for bone regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a 3D-printed nanohydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate/collagen scaffold loaded with human dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hDP-MSCs) for bone regeneration.
  • To investigate the synergistic effects of collagen coating and hDP-MSC incorporation on osteogenesis and angiogenesis.
  • To assess the efficacy of the engineered construct in a rabbit critical-sized mandibular defect model.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a 3D-printed composite scaffold (nHA/β-TCP/collagen).
  • Incorporation of hDP-MSCs into the scaffold.
  • Evaluation in a rabbit critical-sized mandibular defect model, including control groups (empty defect, cell-free scaffolds).
  • Post-treatment analysis using X-ray, histology, immunohistochemistry, histomorphometry, and RT-PCR.

Main Results:

  • The hDP-MSC-loaded, collagen-coated scaffold demonstrated substantial woven and lamellar bone formation.
  • Significant increases in osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, bone area, and vascularization were observed.
  • A significant decrease in fibroblasts/fibrocytes and connective tissue confirmed enhanced bone healing.
  • RT-PCR revealed significant upregulation of key osteogenesis genes (BMP2, ALPL, SOX9, Runx2, SPP1).

Conclusions:

  • The combination of collagen coating and hDP-MSC incorporation is critical for synergistic bone regeneration.
  • The engineered 3D-printed scaffold shows significant potential for treating critical-sized bone defects.
  • This composite scaffold represents a promising therapeutic approach for enhancing bone repair and regeneration.