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Inhibitory effect of food-functioned phytochemicals on dysregulated inflammatory pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2: a

Ibrahim Jantan1,2, Nor Azrina Norahmad3, Yuandani2

  • 1Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
|April 15, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Dietary phytochemicals show potential anti-inflammatory effects against COVID-19 cytokine storm (CSS). Further pre-clinical research is needed to establish safety and efficacy before clinical use as therapeutic adjuvants.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Immunology
  • Phytochemistry

Background:

  • COVID-19 can trigger cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) due to dysregulated inflammatory pathways and excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines.
  • Plant extracts and their phytochemicals are explored for managing COVID-19, with immunosuppressive activities often investigated via *in silico* methods.
  • Dietary flavonoids like quercetin and kaempferol are frequently identified as key compounds in plant extracts exhibiting inhibitory effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically analyze the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of phytochemicals against COVID-19-induced cytokine storm and hyperinflammation.
  • To review studies published since December 2019 focusing on phytochemical inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-triggered inflammatory pathways.
  • To identify phytochemicals with preliminary evidence for anti-inflammatory effects against COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating phytochemicals and their anti-inflammatory mechanisms against COVID-19.
  • Analysis of *in silico* and preliminary clinical data on selected phytochemicals.
  • Focus on dietary compounds and their role in modulating inflammatory pathways.

Main Results:

  • Several phytochemicals, including nanocurcumin, melatonin, quercetin, and resveratrol, have shown potential anti-inflammatory effects against COVID-19.
  • These compounds primarily act by inhibiting altered inflammatory pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2.
  • Limited pre-clinical and clinical investigations exist for most identified phytochemicals.

Conclusions:

  • Phytochemicals, particularly dietary compounds, warrant further investigation for their anti-inflammatory potential in managing COVID-19-related hyperinflammation.
  • Rigorous pre-clinical studies on safety and efficacy are crucial before advancing these compounds to clinical trials as therapeutic adjuvants.
  • Targeting molecular cascades in inflammatory pathways with phytochemicals offers a promising avenue for novel anti-inflammatory agent discovery.
Keywords:
Anti-inflammationSARS-CoV-2cytokine stormdietary secondary metabolitesdysregulated inflammatory pathwaysphytochemicals

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